ranspersonal Caritas Relationship: A new concept from the unitary caring science framework of Jean Watson / Relación Transpersonal Caritas: Un nuevo concepto desde el marco de la ciencia del cuidado de Jean Watson / Relacionamento Transpessoal da Caritas: Um novo conceito a partir do referencial da ciência do cuidado de Jean Watson

To analyze deeply the concept of the transpersonal caring relationship as the core of the theory of Caring Science proposed by Jean Watson. To present a historical evolution and to introduce the Transpersonal Caritas Relationship construct. Methods. Methodological Study to support the central concept measured by the Watson Caritas patient instrument. We designed a focus group with four nursing scholars to develop the "Transpersonal Caritas Relationship" construct. We recount the history of the concept of the transpersonal caring relationship, then analyze this concept in terms of Watson's theory. We reviewed the concept with Dr. Jean Watson, presented her with the construct, and discussed our considerations. Results. This article introduces a transitional adaptation of the concept of transpersonal relationship to Caritas' transpersonal relationship.

Analizar de manera profunda el concepto de relación de cuidado transpersonal como núcleo de la teoría de la Ciencia del Cuidado propuesta por Jean Watson. Presentando la evolución histórica e introduciendo el constructo "Relación Transpersonal Caritas". Métodos. Estudio Metodológico para sustentar el concepto central medido por el instrumento paciente Watson Caritas. Se diseñó un grupo focal con cuatro académicas de enfermería para desarrollar el constructo "Relación Transpersonal Caritas". Posteriormente se narra la historia del concepto de relación de cuidado transpersonal y luego se analiza este concepto en términos de la teoría de Watson. Se presento y revisó el constructo desarrollado a la Dra. Jean Watson, por último, se discutieron las consideraciones surgidas. Resultados. Este artículo presenta una adaptación transitoria del concepto de relación transpersonal a la relación transpersonal de Caritas. La Relación Transpersonal Caritas es la base de la evolución de la enfermería Caritas, reconociendo que el cuidado mutuo afecta el campo universal al que todos pertenecemos. La conciencia y la acción de Caritas afectan el campo energético cuando la enfermera se relaciona con el otro, posibilitando despertar el corazón compasivo, que es la base de la Enfermería Cáritas Evolucionada. Amor universal y de esta manera evolucionar hacia la conciencia caritas que permite reconocer al otro con bondad amorosa en Invest Educ Enferm. 2023; 41(3): e02Mayut Delgado-Galeano • Luz Eugenia Ibáñez-AlfonsoBeatriz Villamizar Carvajal • María Mercedes Durán de Villalobosla práctica del cuidado. Este es el concepto central propuesto medido en la práctica del cuidado utilizando el Watson Caritas Patient. Conclusión. Este artículo introduce una adaptación transicional del concepto de relación transpersonal a la relación transpersonal Caritas, que es el fundamento de la Enfermería Caritas Evolucionada.

Analisar em profundidade o conceito de relação de cuidado transpessoal como cerne da teoria da Ciência do Cuidado proposta por Jean Watson. Apresentando a evolução histórica e introduzindo o construto "Relacionamento Transpessoal da Caritas". Métodos. Estudo metodológico para fundamentar o conceito central mensurado pelo instrumento de paciente Watson Caritas. Foi desenhado um grupo focal com quatro acadêmicos de enfermagem para desenvolver o construto "Relacionamento Transpessoal da Caritas". Posteriormente, é narrada a história do conceito de relação de cuidado transpessoal e este conceito é então analisado à luz da teoria de Watson. O construto desenvolvido foi apresentado e revisado à Dra. Jean Watson e, por fim, foram discutidas as considerações que surgiram. Resultados. Este artigo apresenta uma adaptação temporária do conceito de relação transpessoal para a relação transpessoal da Caritas. A Relação Transpessoal da Caritas é a base para a evolução da enfermagem da Caritas, reconhecendo que o cuidado mútuo afeta o campo universal ao qual todos pertencemos. A consciência e a ação da Caritas afetam o campo energético quando o enfermeiro se relaciona com os outros, possibilitando despertar o coração compassivo, que é a base da Caritas Evolved Nursing. Amor universal e desta forma evoluir para a consciência caritas que nos permite reconhecer o outro com bondade amorosa na prática do cuidado. Este é o conceito central proposto medido na prática assistencial por meio do Watson Caritas Patient. Conclusão. Este artigo apresenta uma adaptação transitória do conceito de relação transpessoal para a relação transpessoal da Caritas, que é a base da Caritas Evolved Nursing

A Newborn Screening Program for Sickle Cell Disease in Murcia (Spain).

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited autosomal recessive hemoglobin disorder caused by the presence of hemoglobin S, a mutant abnormal hemoglobin caused by a nucleotide change in codon 6 of the ß-globin chain gene. SCD involves a chronic inflammatory state, exacerbated during vaso-occlusive crises, which leads to end-organ damage that occurs throughout the lifespan. SCD is associated with premature mortality in the first years of life. The process of sickling provokes asplenia in the first years of life with an increased risk of infection by encapsulated germs. These complications can be life-threatening and require early diagnosis and management. The most important interventions recommend an early diagnosis of SCD to ensure that affected newborns receive immediate care to reduce mortality and morbidity. The newborn screening program in the region of Murcia for SCD began in March 2016. We aimed to determine the incidence of sickle cell anemia and other structural hemoglobinopathies in the neonatal population of the region of Murcia, an area of high migratory stress, and to systematically assess the benefit of newborn screening for SCD, leading to earlier treatment, as well as to offer genetic counseling to all carriers. The prevalence of SCD in our region is similar to others in Spain, except for Catalonia and Madrid. The newborns with confirmed diagnoses of SCD received early attention, and all the carriers received genetic counseling.

Recovery of plastic waste through its thermochemical degradation: a review.

The demand to produce plastic has increased yearly; only in 2020, there was a production of approximately 368 million tons worldwide. According to Plastics Europe, from 2016 to 2018, a total of 29.1 Mt of plastic waste was generated, and 24% of this ended up in a landfill, generating problems due to accumulation. The increase in the demand for plastics has begun to contribute to the shortage of oil sources, a non-renewable resource. On the other hand, various researchers have reported effects on human health such as neurological damage, cancer in the nasal cavities, prostate, and ovarian cancer, and in animal species, destruction of the digestive and respiratory tracts due to the consumption of microplastics in food. Due to these reasons, various solutions have been proposed for recovering and recycling plastic waste. One of the most promising technologies is thermal and catalytic degradation, known as pyrolysis. This technology allows the recovery of chemical compounds of high energy value. In this work, the various environmental and social impacts caused by plastic are discussed. Worldwide consumption data is provided by sector and type of plastic, and the different routes of thermal degradation for each type of thermoplastic are shown.

Low-risk HPLLs/ABC score patients with splenic marginal zone lymphoma can be safely managed without treatment: Results from a prospective Spanish study.

The aims of our study were to analyse compliance with the 2014 GELTAMO SMZL Guidelines, in patients with splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), and to evaluate the outcome according to the HPLLs/ABC-adapted therapeutic strategy. Observational prospective multicenter study of 181 SMZL patients diagnosed between 2014 and 2020. Lymphoma-specific survival (LSS), composite event-free survival (CEFS) and response rates were assessed. 57% of the 168 patients included in the analysis followed the Guidelines. The overall response rate was higher in the rituximab chemotherapy and in the rituximab arms compared with the splenectomy arm (p < 0.001). The 5-year overall survival was 77% and the 5-year LSS of 93%. There were no differences in the 5-year LSS according to the treatment received (p = 0.68). The 5-year CEFS in the overall series was 45%, and there were significant differences between scores A and B (p = 0.036). There were no significant differences when comparing LSS and progression-free survival in patients treated with rituximab or rituximab chemotherapy at diagnosis or after observation. Our data support HPLLs/ABC score as a practical tool for the management of SMZL, observation as the best approach for patients in group A and rituximab as the best treatment for group B.

Neonatal olfactory bulbectomy induces anxiety-related behavior and modifies dopaminergic receptor expression in post-pubertal rats.

Olfaction is a complex physiological process producing effects in the central nervous system (CNS) and implicated in emotional processes. Indeed, the olfactory bulbs (OB) send projections to various CNS regions including the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and caudate-putamen (CPu). Both the NAcc and CPu receive important dopaminergic input. Emerging evidence suggests that dopamine (DA) is related to anxiety-related behaviors. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the consequences of neonatal olfactory bulbectomy (nOBX) to anxiety-related behavior as assayed in the elevated plus maze (EPM) as well as the expression of dopaminergic receptors (D1-like, D2-like, and D3) in the NAcc and CPu at pre- and post-pubertal ages in the rat. The results show that nOBX increased the number of entries in the open arm of the EPM post-pubertally, suggesting an anxiolytic-related effect. nOBX increased the D2-like binding in the NAcc shell and D3 binding in the NAcc core pre-pubertally. At post-pubertal ages, the D3 binding was reduced at the olfactory tubercle and islands of Calleja in nOBX rats. Alterations in the DA receptor expression may be one mechanism responsible for the observed behavioral modifications in nOBX rats.

Transpersonal Caritas Relationship: A new concept from the unitary caring science framework of Jean Watson.

Objective: To analyze deeply the concept of the transpersonal caring relationship as the core of the theory of Caring Science proposed by Jean Watson. To present a historical evolution and to introduce the Transpersonal Caritas Relationship construct. Methods: Methodological Study to support the central concept measured by the Watson Caritas patient instrument. We designed a focus group with four nursing scholars to develop the "Transpersonal Caritas Relationship" construct. We recount the history of the concept of the transpersonal caring relationship, then analyze this concept in terms of Watson's theory. We reviewed the concept with Dr. Jean Watson, presented her with the construct, and discussed our considerations. Results: This article introduces a transitional adaptation of the concept of transpersonal relationship to Caritas' transpersonal relationship. Transpersonal Caritas Relationship is the foundation of evolved Caritas nursing, recognizing that mutual caring affects the universal field we all belong to Caritas' consciousness and action affect the energy field when the nurse relates with the other, making it possible to awaken the compassionate heart, which is the foundation of Evolved Caritas Nursing Universal love and in this way evolve to the Caritas consciousness that allows recognizing the other with loving kindness in the practice of careful. This is the proposed central concept measured in the caring approach using the Watson Caritas Patient. Conclusion: This article introduces a transitional adaptation of the concept of transpersonal relationship to the Caritas transpersonal relationship, which is the foundation of Caritas Evolved Nursing.

El pabellón de oficiales (2001) Heridas faciales en la primera guerra mundial / The Officers ́ Ward (2021): Facial Wounds during First World War

Adrien Fournier; un joven teniente francés de ingenieros es herido por uno de los primeros obuses de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Aunque sobrevive, presenta unas importantes lesiones en cara y cavidad oral por lo que es trasladado a un hospital de Paris. En el pabellón de oficiales del hospital, hay otros soldados con importantes heridas faciales. En la película se refleja el miedo al rechazo social, los intentos de suicidio, la labor de las enfermeras y del cirujano, así como la camaradería y el apoyo entre pacientes. (AU)

Adrien Fournier; A young French lieutenant of engineers, is wounded by one of the first bombs of the First World War. Although he survives, he has important injuries to his face and oral cavity for which he is transferred to a hospital in Paris. In the officers' ward of the hospital, there are other soldiers with significant facial injuries. The film reflects the fear of social rejection, suicide attempts, the work of the nurses and the surgeon, as well as the camaraderie and support among patients. (AU)

Case Report: α-Spectrin Mutation Associated with αLELY Polymorphism Responsible for Hereditary Pyropoikilocytosis.

Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) is characterised by severe hemolytic anemia due to membrane instability. We report the case of a 13-day-old boy with neonatal jaundice and severe hemolytic anemia. A peripheral smear examination showed severe anisopoikylocytosis. DNA sequencing revealed compound double heterozygous for mutant α-spectrin SPTA1 (Arg28His) and homozygous αLELY polymorphism (low expression α-spectrin allele), compatible with diagnosis of HPP.The patient required a blood transfusion initially, but spontaneously improved after two years. Our case illustrates that, despite the presence of the allele αLELY in homozygous, the clinical phenotype is similar to cases with a mutation in SPTA1 associated with αLELY in trans.

Systematic review for the definition and measurement of self-efficacy in university students / Revisión sistemática sobre autoeficacia en universitarios: conceptualización y medición

Abstract The objectives of this review were: (1) to identify literature published within the last years on self-efficacy in university students; (2) describe and evaluate the employed definitions and measurements; and (3) establish the methodological coherency between the stated definitions and employed measurement scales within the respectively described domains in higher education. A systematic revision was conducted for articles published between 2007 and 2019. Empirical studies on self-efficacy in university students were included. A total of 66 articles were included. Most of the selected literature defined and measured specific domains of self-efficacy in university students. The reviewed authors defined "self-efficacy" as a set of beliefs connected to specific domains of functioning. Most of the studies presented coherency between the research objective and definition/measurement of self-efficacy. Nevertheless, a notable percentage of the studies lacked coherency, which underscored the need for further refinement and improvement in this area.

Resumen Existe controversia respecto a las definiciones generales y específicas de la autoeficacia. Por otra parte, las definiciones y los instrumentos de medida son indicadores fundamentales de la rigurosidad metodológica de una investigación y de la validez de sus resultados. Al considerar estos elementos, los objetivos de esta revisión fueron los siguientes: (1) identificar la literatura publicada entre 2007 y 2019 sobre la autoeficacia en estudiantes universitarios; (2) describir y evaluar las definiciones y los instrumentos de medida empleados; y (3) estimar la coherencia metodológica entre las definiciones explicitadas y las escalas de medición empleadas para los respectivos dominios en la educación superior. Los datos obtenidos contribuirán a definir con precisión el concepto de "autoeficacia" de acuerdo al objetivo del estudio que se pretenda realizar; fundamentar el requisito de emplear escalas de medición coherentes con los dominios específicos que se estén investigando y, por último, medir y analizar la autoeficacia percibida en dominios determinados. Se tuvo en cuenta la importancia de la noción de autoeficacia en modelos actuales de investigación, se considera que este artículo representa un aporte modesto pero sustantivo al tema. El método utilizado fue el de una revisión sistemática de artículos publicados entre 2007 y 2019 e indexados en Web of Science, SciELO o Scopus. Se incluyeron estudios empíricos sobre autoeficacia en estudiantes universitarios. Se incluyó un total de 66 artículos sobre autoeficacia en el contexto de la educación superior, de los cuales 18 emplearon una definición general y 48, dominios específicos definidos dentro de cinco áreas. De las 52 escalas de medición utilizadas, 44 aludían a dominios específicos de autoeficacia, mientras que ocho eran mediciones generales. En cuanto a la coherencia, el 31.81 % de los artículos (n = 21) presentaron una coherencia moderada entre el objetivo del estudio y la definición empleada. Además, el 18.18 % (n = 12) no presentó coherencia entre el objetivo del estudio y el instrumento de medida empleado. De esta forma, se concluyó que la mayor parte de la literatura seleccionada definió y midió dominios específicos de autoeficacia en estudiantes universitarios. Los autores revisados definieron la autoeficacia como un conjunto de creencias conectadas a dominios específicos de funcionamiento. La mayoría de los estudios presentaron coherencia entre el objetivo de la investigación, la definición y la medición de la autoeficacia. Sin embargo, un porcentaje notable de los estudios carecía de esta coherencia: más del 9 % presentaron inconsistencias entre el objetivo de la investigación y la definición de autoeficacia empleada, mientras que el 18 % evidenció incoherencia entre el objetivo de la investigación y la escala de medición empleada. Estas incoherencias disminuyen la claridad del diseño metodológico, limitan el alcance de sus resultados y la replicabilidad de la respectiva investigación. Esto, a su vez, puede impactar negativamente en el diseño de programas e iniciativas de intervención relacionados con la autoeficacia en estudiantes universitarios. Además, aunque se proporcionaron muchas definiciones específicas de contexto para la autoeficacia en estudiantes de pregrado, algunos estudios la definieron y midieron, únicamente, en un sentido general. En cuanto a los instrumentos de medición, se presentaron numerosas escalas para medir formas de autoeficacia específicas. Adicionalmente, algunos estudios buscaron medir la autoeficacia, pero luego emplearon medidas no diseñadas para este fin. Esta información obliga a enfatizar la necesidad de un mayor refinamiento y mejora metodológica en esta área. Para medir de forma válida la autoeficacia en estudiantes, se requiere conceptualizar el dominio específico y consistentemente medirlo con un instrumento coherente con este dominio.

New Insights Into Pathophysiology of ß-Thalassemia.

ß-thalassemia is a disease caused by genetic mutations including a nucleotide change, small insertions or deletions in the ß-globin gene, or in rare cases, gross deletions into the ß-globin gene. These mutations affect globin-chain subunits within the hemoglobin tetramer what induces an imbalance in the α/ß-globin chain ratio, with an excess of free α-globin chains that triggers the most important pathogenic events of the disease: ineffective erythropoiesis, chronic anemia/chronic hypoxia, compensatory hemopoietic expansion and iron overload. Based on advances in our knowledge of the pathophysiology of ß-thalassemia, in recent years, emerging therapies and clinical trials are being conducted and are classified into three major categories based on the different approach features of the underlying pathophysiology: correction of the α/ß-globin disregulation; improving iron overload and reverse ineffective erythropoiesis. However, pathways such as the dysregulation of transcriptional factors, activation of the inflammasome, or approach to mechanisms of bone mineral loss, remain unexplored for future therapeutic targets. In this review, we update the main pathophysiological pathways involved in ß-thalassemia, focusing on the development of new therapies directed at new therapeutic targets.

Infant stimulation reduces weight loss and increases breastfeeding: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to measure the effect of auditory, tactile, visual, and vestibular (ATVV) stimulation therapy on sucking effectiveness (SE), infant-feeding mode, weight, height, and head circumference (HC) of full-term infants. METHODS: A single-blinded randomized trial with a sample of 107 mother-child dyads. Inclusion criteria were healthy first-time mothers and full-term infants with no known pathological conditions, weighing between 2500 and 4000 grams, and recommendation of exclusive or predominant breastfeeding. The mothers in the experimental group (EG) received training in ATVV stimulation therapy and provided it from birth (first 24 hours of life) until the end of the follow-ups at week 5. The control group (CG) received only standard care that included education on warning signs and basic guidance on breastfeeding. SE, infant-feeding mode, and neonatal growth were measured at weeks 2 and 5. RESULTS: In contrast to CG infants, the EG infants drank 2.02 cc more human milk in one minute of effective breastfeeding (p=0.002) at week 2 and 5.51 cc more at week 5 (p<0.0001). They showed greater adherence to breastfeeding at week 5 (p=0.025) and gained more weight: 8.35 grams/day (p=0.009) and 4.19 grams/day (p=0.008). HC did not differ between groups, and height difference was statistically significant at week 5 (p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: ATVV stimulation therapy has a positive effect on neonatal health as it promotes effective sucking and exclusive breastfeeding, reduces weight loss, and improves neonatal growth.

Aphicidal activity of farnesol against the green peach aphid - Myzus persicae.

BACKGROUND: Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is considered one of most important agricultural pests in the world. It is one of the main pests in protected pepper crops under glasshouse conditions in Southeastern Spain, but its control is limited as a consequence of the few available authorized insecticides and their incompatibility with the natural enemies. Some essential oils and pure compounds such as anise (Pimpinella anisum) or farnesol are repellent and/or toxic to aphids. Their use as a botanical insecticides can be an alternative for aphid control in pepper. RESULTS: The effect of farnesol was evaluated against M. persicae in a new bioassay developed to test the contact effect (aqueous formulation of the products) on aphids in laboratory conditions. Aniseed essential oil, geraniol and (Z)-jasmone at 0.6% causes an aphid mortality of >50%; and farnesol was the most effective (93.67% mortality). Farnesol nanoemulsions between 0.2% and 0.6% were formulated with an IKA-Labor Pilot dispersing machine (7940 rpm for 10 min) using Tween 80 as a surfactant. These formulations were tested on field experiments (glasshouse conditions) on pepper crops for 2 years. Foliar applications of farnesol at a concentration of 0.4% in field conditions causes a high reduction in aphid populations, with efficacies of ≈70-80% with respect to the control, similar to or even higher than the efficacy of the reference pyrethrin insecticide. CONCLUSION: Farnesol showed a great aphicidal effect against M. persicae. The use of this molecule in integrated pest management programs combined with natural enemies is a good option for future control of M. persicae. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Infant stimulation reduces weight loss and increases breastfeeding: a randomized controlled trial / La estimulación del neonato reduce la pérdida de peso y aumenta la lactancia materna: un ensayo controlado aleatorio / A estimulação do neonato reduz a perda de peso e aumenta a lactância materna: um ensaio controlado aleatório

Objective. The study aimed to measure the effect of auditory, tactile, visual, and vestibular (ATVV) stimulation therapy on sucking effectiveness (SE), infant-feeding mode, weight, height, and head circumference (HC) of full-term infants. Methods. A single-blinded randomized trial with a sample of 107 mother-child dyads. Inclusion criteria were healthy first-time mothers and full-term infants with no known pathological conditions, weighing between 2500 and 4000 grams, and recommendation of exclusive or predominant breastfeeding. The mothers in the experimental group (EG) received training in ATVV stimulation therapy and provided it from birth (first 24 hours of life) until the end of the follow-ups at week 5. The control group (CG) received only standard care that included education on warning signs and basic guidance on breastfeeding. SE, infant-feeding mode, and neonatal growth were measured at weeks 2 and 5. Results. In contrast to CG infants, the EG infants drank 2.02 cc more human milk in one minute of effective breastfeeding (p=0.002) at week 2 and 5.51 cc more at week 5 (p<0.0001). They showed greater adherence to breastfeeding at week 5 (p=0.025) and gained more weight: 8.35 grams/day (p=0.009) and 4.19 grams/day (p=0.008). HC did not differ between groups, and height difference was statistically significant at week 5 (p=0.025). Conclusion: ATVV stimulation therapy has a positive effect on neonatal health as it promotes effective sucking and exclusive breastfeeding, reduces weight loss, and improves neonatal growth.

Objetivos. Medir el efecto de la terapia de estimulación auditiva, táctil, visual y vestibular en la succión eficaz, el modo de alimentación, el peso, talla y perímetro cefálico de los neonatos a término. Métodos. Ensayo aleatorizado ciego, con una muestra de 107 díadas madre-hijo. Los criterios de inclusión fueron madres primerizas sanas y bebés a término sin condiciones patológicas conocidas, con peso entre 2500 y 4000 gramos e indicación de lactancia materna exclusiva o predominante. En el grupo experimental las madres recibieron entrenamiento en la terapia de estimulación auditiva, táctil, visual y vestibular y lo aplicaron desde el nacimiento (primeras 24 horas de vida) hasta el final del seguimiento. El grupo control recibió solamente la atención estándar que incluyó la educación sobre los signos de alarma y las indicaciones básicas sobre la lactancia materna. Se midió la eficacia de la succión, el tipo de alimentación y el crecimiento neonatal en la semana 2 y la semana 5. Resultados. Los bebés del grupo experimental comparados con el grupo control bebieron 2.02 cc más leche humana en un minuto de lactancia efectiva (p=0.002) en la segunda semana y 5.51 cc más en la quinta semana (p<0.0001); las madres registraron una mayor adherencia a la lactancia a las 5 semanas (p=0.025) y los bebés ganaron más peso: 8.35 gramos/día (p=0.009) y 4.19 gramos/día (p=0.008). El perímetro cefálico no presentó diferencias entre grupos, mientras que la diferencia en la talla fue estadísticamente significativa en la semana 5 (p=0.025). Conclusión. La terapia de estimulación auditiva, táctil, visual y vestibular tiene un efecto positivo en la salud neonatal, promueve la succión eficaz, la lactancia materna exclusiva, atenúa la pérdida de peso y mejora el crecimiento neonatal.

Objetivos. Medir o efeito da terapia de estimulação auditiva, táctil, visual e vestibular na sucção eficaz, o modo de alimentação, o peso, tamanho e perímetro cefálico dos neonatos a término. Métodos. Ensaio aleatório cego, com uma mostra de 107 díade mãe-filho. Os critérios de inclusão foram mães de primeira viagem saudáveis e bebês a término sem condições patológicas conhecidas, com peso entre 2500 e 4000 gramas e indicação de lactância materna exclusiva ou predominante. No grupo experimental as mães receberam treinamento na terapia de estimulação auditiva, táctil, visual e vestibular e a aplicaram desde o nascimento (primeiras 24 horas de vida) até o final do seguimento; o grupo de controle recebeu somente a atenção padrão que incluiu a educação sobre os sinais de alarme e as indicações básicas sobre a lactância materna. Se mediu a eficácia da sucção, o tipo de alimentação e o crescimento neonatal na 2ª semana e na 5ª semana. Resultados. Os bebês do grupo experimental comparados com o grupo de controle beberam 2.02 cc mais leite humana num minuto de lactância efetiva (p=0.002) na segunda semana e 5.51 cc mais na quinta semana (p<0.0001); as mães registraram uma maior aderência à lactância às 5 semanas (p=0.025) e os bebês ganharam mais peso: 8.35 gramas/dia (p=0.009) e 4.19 gramas/dia (p=0.008). O perímetro cefálico não apresentou diferenças entre grupos, enquanto a diferença no tamanho foi estatisticamente significativa na 5ª semana (p=0.025). Conclusão. A terapia de estimulação auditiva, táctil, visual e vestibular tem um efeito positivo na saúde neonatal, promove a sucção eficaz, a lactância materna exclusiva, atenua a perda de peso e melhora o crescimento neonatal.

Losartan enhances cognitive and structural neuroplasticity impairments in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Hypertension is a risk factor for vascular dementia, which is the second most prevalent type of dementia, just behind Alzheimer's disease. This highlights the brain vulnerability due to hypertension, which may increase with aging. Thus, studying how hypertension affects neural cells and behavior, as well as the effects of antihypertensives on these alterations, it's important to understand the hypertension consequences in the brain. The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has been useful for the study of hypertension alterations in diverse organs, including the brain. Thus, we studied the losartan effects on cognitive and structural neuroplasticity impairments in SHR of 10 months of age. In the first instance, we evaluated the losartan effects on exploratory behavior and novel object recognition test (NORT) in the SHR. Then, we assessed the density and morphology of dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) layers 3 and 5, and CA1 of the dorsal Hp (dHp). Our results indicate that in SHR, losartan treatment (2 months, 15 mg/Kg/day) reduces high blood pressure to age-matched vehicle-treated Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat levels. Moreover, losartan improved long-term memory in SHR compared with age-matched vehicle-treated WKY rats, without affecting the locomotor and anxiety behaviors. The behavioral improvement of the SHR can be associated with the increase in the number of dendritic spines and the mushroom spine population in the PFC and the dHp. In conclusion, losartan enhances cognitive impairments by controlling the high blood pressure and improving neuroplasticity in animals with chronic hypertension.

Social distancing and testing as optimal strategies against the spread of COVID-19 in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas.

At the beginning of August 2020, the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) of Texas experienced a rapid increase of coronavirus disease 2019 (abbreviated as COVID-19) cases and deaths. This study aims to determine the optimal levels of effective social distancing and testing to slow the virus spread at the outset of the pandemic. We use an age-stratified eight compartment epidemiological model to depict COVID-19 transmission in the community and within households. With a simulated 120-day outbreak period data we obtain a post 180-days period optimal control strategy solution. Our results show that easing social distancing between adults by the end of the 180-day period requires very strict testing a month later and then daily testing rates of 5% followed by isolation of positive cases. Relaxing social distancing rates in adults from 50% to 25% requires both children and seniors to maintain social distancing rates of 50% for nearly the entire period while maintaining maximum testing rates of children and seniors for 150 of the 180 days considered in this model. Children have higher contact rates which leads to transmission based on our model, emphasizing the need for caution when considering school reopenings.

Parental Decision-Making in Pediatric Intensive Care: A Concept Analysis.

The development of nursing knowledge requires a close relationship between theory, research, and practice. The purpose of the analysis of the concept of "parental decision-making in pediatric critical care" is to facilitate nurses' therapeutic care of critically ill children and their families. To construct, structure, and give meaning to the concept, we use our experience in the field, critical reading of the literature, and careful analysis of data that have emerged about parental decision-making in pediatric intensive care. Several factors affect parent's ability to act as decision-makers: the psychosocial and physical disorders they develop, the subordination of their parental roles by the health care team, and the child's critical state of health. While different disciplines, including nursing, have well described the decision-making concept, parental decision-making in the context of pediatric intensive care has not been as well delineated. Nursing science recognizes the importance of decision-making and has incorporated the concept as an essential domain of its philosophical and disciplinary interests. Following the method proposed by Walker and Avant, the concept was analyzed, attributes, background, and consequences described. A model case was presented and discussed. An operational definition emerges, providing knowledge for professional nursing practice and will be the basis for an essential theoretical development around this phenomenon. Parents' recognition, the promotion of family-centered care, and shared decisions are ideal for encouraging parental participation.

O uso da tomografia computadorizada para identificação humana em odontologia legal ­ revisão de literatura / The use of computed tomography in human identification in forensic odontology ­literature review

INTRODUÇÃO: A identificação humana pela odontologia legal é considerada um método primário de identificação assim como o exame de DNA e a papiloscopia. A tomografia computadorizada (TC) pode ser usada no processo de identificação humana e quando associada a outros métodos gera resultados que facilitam a identificação. OBJETIVO: Este trabalho visa verificar a importância da TC no processo de identificação humana e realizar um levantamento dos casos em que o exame tomográfico no crânio foi utilizado para esse fim. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico dos últimos 21 anos nas bases científicas e foram adotados alguns critérios de inclusão: ser um relato de caso, ter sido publicado entre os anos de 1998 a 2019 e ter sido utilizado um exame de TC de crânio para a identificação. Os critérios de exclusão foram: uso de outros exames imaginológicos, trabalhos que não são relatos de caso e aqueles que não consideravam os arcos dentais e/ou crânio. Foram encontrados 6 artigos dentro dos critérios, sendo a maioria relativa a casos europeus e de corpos esqueletizados. CONCLUSÃO: Através da análise destes trabalhos, foi possível confirmar a importância das tomografias computadorizadas de crânio, que podem subsidiar a identificação de corpos, especialmente onde há impossibilidade de datiloscopia, especialmente por permitir uma análise multiplanar de estruturas anatômicas específicas, sem sobreposição.

Characterizing a two-pronged epidemic in Mexico of non-communicable diseases and SARS-Cov-2: factors associated with increased case-fatality rates.

BACKGROUND: People with a previous diagnosis of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are more likely to develop serious forms of COVID-19 or die. Mexico is the country with the fourth highest fatality rate from SARS-Cov-2, with high mortality in younger adults. OBJECTIVES: To describe and characterize the association of NCDs with the case-fatality rate (CFR) adjusted by age and sex in Mexican adults with a positive diagnosis for SARS-Cov-2. METHODS: We studied Mexican adults aged ≥20 years who tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 during the period from 28 February to 31 July 2020. The CFR was calculated and associations with history of NCDs (number of diseases and combinations), severity indicators and type of institution that treated the patient were explored. The relative risk (RR) of death was estimated using Poisson models and CFR was adjusted using logistic models. RESULTS: We analysed 406 966 SARS-Cov-2-positive adults. The CFR was 11.2% (13.7% in men and 8.4% in women). The CFR was positively associated with age and number of NCDs (p trend <0.001). The number of NCDs increased the risk of death in younger adults when they presented three or more NCDs compared with those who did not have any NCDs [RR, 46.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 28.2, 76.9 for women; RR, 16.5; 95% CI, 9.9, 27.3 for men]. Lastly, there was great heterogeneity in the CFR by institution, from 4.6% in private institutions to 18.9% in public institutions. CONCLUSION: In younger adults, higher CFRs were associated with the total number of NCDs and some combinations of type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease.